With international pressure, in 2005, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed by the sudan peoples liberation army splma and khartoum. However, the government did not address impunity for widespread conflict related sexual and genderbased violence against south sudanese. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group. South sudan s civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. During last months widespread border conflict, fighting broke out in the nearby town of kuek, though some sources claimed south sudans army faced an independent militia rather than the sudanese armed forces.
Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. A history of south sudan south sudan is the worlds youngest independent country. Due to its geographic location and association with the greater upper nile region, unity is also known as western upper nile. It is bordered to the east by ethiopia, to the north by sudan, to the west by the central african republic, to the southwest by democratic republic of the congo, to the south by uganda and to the south east by kenya. Most of the fledgling nation is in the grip of a humanitarian crisis fueled by years of chronic underdevelopment, conflict and natural disasters. Oil exports from the south had been halted and other conflicts had broken. External actors should push the adversaries to make progress on these matters before entering any powersharing arrangement lest war erupt once more. Beyond the exclusive focus on sudan and the finer gridcell resolution 0. Pdf south sudan struggle for independence, and its. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement.
The 28 states system in south sudan briefing note by the stimson center august 9, 2016 the recent violence in juba between the forces of president salva kiir and former first vice president riek machar demonstrated the fragility of south sudans peace and the critical. The strength of the narrative is in trying to provide nuance. Official pdf, 58 pages world bank documents world bank group. We estimate at the pixel level the relationship between local warming and violent conflict between 1997 and 2009. Local warming and violent conflict in north and south sudan. Yet in the past, oil production was linked with serious human rights abuses, such as forced displacement. Many other maps of sudan including south sudan reflecting the state prior to the formal declaration of independence of south sudan can be found in category.
Sudan darfurchad border region clickable map showing satellite imagery of camps in chad and sudan july 31, 2004 department of state via usaidinternet archive sudan darfurchad border region ongoing usg prgrams in darfur digital globe, inc. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. It is an outsiders view and will no doubt, given the complexity of south sudan, be full of gaps and generalisations. There are several active conflicts throughout the state. Further information and maps, data, trends and publications can be found at. Paguot thudan is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa. Conflict mapping, ontological security and institutionalised conflict o n 15 and 16 december 20, violence broke out in juba, south sudan, with many thousands killed. Usaid has worked in south sudan for decades, providing lifesaving humanitarian assistance, conflict mitigation assistance, and support for key milestones of the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement, which culminated in south sudans independence. The boundaries, names, and data used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the u. Five things you should know about the conflict in south sudan. Sudan maps perrycastaneda map collection ut library online. Its current capital is juba, which is also its largest city. This ended the civil war and allowed for a referendum and eventual south sudanese independence in 2011. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations.
South sudans population, predominantly african cultures who tend to. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. The analysis specifically looks into the motivations and interests of the parties involved in the interstate, intrastate and local conflicts in this area. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. Timeline and rates of conflict events in south sudan, from december 20 9.
Final sovereignty status of abyei area pending negotiations between south sudan and sudan. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. President riek machar demonstrated the fragility of south sudans peace and the critical role that the. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. South sudan the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the united nations. Usg humanitarian assistance to south sudan crisis last updated 093018. More than 2 million people have died in southern sudan over the past two. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the. International humanitarian law establishes binding rules on how conflicts, including non international armed conflicts, are conducted and how. South sudan, also called southern sudan, country located in northeastern africa. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp. Making it a benefit for all executive summary executive summary oil production is the key factor in the development of south sudan, since july 2011 the worlds newest independent country.
For more than eighteen months, the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the regional body mediating peace negotiations to end south sudans civil war, has struggled to secure a deal in the face of deep regional divisions and the parties truculence. The first civil war in the south of sudan began before. Sudan relations, and political developments within juba and khartoum that impact on the border conflicts. This map shows the human mobility network tracked by dtms flow monitoring registry in south sudan and between south sudan and neighbouring countries, based on interviews carried out at 39 flow monitoring points between 01022020 and 25032020. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for the western region and its nonarab population. South sudan did not make progress on establishing the. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. South sudans current conflicts can be traced to its long history of conflict as the southern region of the sudan. Established in 2011 after two wars, south sudan has since reverted to a state of devastating civil strife.
Humanitarian principles, working in active conflicts, and the world bank group. Feb 22, 2020 south sudan, officially the republic of south sudan and previously known as southern sudan, is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa that is part of the united nations subregion of eastern africa. The finer details of how it started are unclear and accounts of the violence are often conflicting. The 28 states system in south sudan stimson center. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan.
However, their independence, like that of other countries in the world, came with a huge human cost following decades of intense conflict between the arab north and the nonarab south. Defense mapping agency sheets 19, 20 and 24 cover south sudan. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. South sudan has been a country in turmoil since its formation. South sudan map geography of south sudan map of south.
By some accounts, as many as 10,000 or more government forces remained in and around juba. Learn about the worlds top hotspots with this interactive global conflict tracker from the center for preventive action at the council on foreign relations. South sudan s population, predominantly african cultures who tend to. The crisis in darfur and status of the north south peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. It covers an area of 38,837 sq km 14,995 sq mi and is inhabited predominantly by two ethnic groups the nuer and the dinka. Printable map of south sudan and info and links to south sudan facts, famous natives, landforms, latitude, longitude, maps, symbols, timeline and weather by. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. South kordofan state administrative map september 2012. Peacebuilding mapping in unity state, south sudan peace direct. South sudans conflict parties are supposed to form a unity government by 12 november.
The project aimed to support further collaborations between universities in sudan bahri university, south sudan notably university of juba and george mason universitys school for conflict u. Mapping conflict violence in south sudan community. South sudan became the youngest nation in the world after splitting from the larger sudan to become the republic of south sudan in 2011. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. The practice of child soldiering in south sudan is widespread and the countrys conflict is complex, made up of various forces under leaders or military commanders with idiosyncratic approaches. However, its lack of implementation has sparked conflict in the oilrich abyei, south. Global conflict tracker l council on foreign relations. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Many of these local conflicts have been exacerbated by the kiir factions unilateral introduction of. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife.
Prior to 2011, south sudan was part of sudan, its neighbour to the north. Maps that need to be updated to include south sudan borders are at category. However, years of conflict have left south sudan one of the most underdeveloped regions worldwide, despite its rich natural resources. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war.
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